Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Field Theory I (NFT I)

Table of Contents:

	Lecturer
	Overview of the Contents
	Prerequisites, Time, Units, Language, Exam
	References
	List of Numerical Methods
	Software
	Programming Languages and Tools
	Lecture Notes
	Exercises and Solutions
	Programs

Lecturer

Dr.-Ing. René Marklein

Top

Overview of the Contents

Prerequisites, Time, Units, Language, Exam

References

	Chew, W. C.: Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media. D. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA, 1990.
	Golub, G., J. M. Ortega [1993], Scientific Computing: An Introduction With Parallel Computing, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. [amazon.de] [amazon.com]
	Harrington, R. F.: Field Computation by Moment Methods. IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, 1993 (Nachdruck der Originalausgabe: R. E. Krieger Pub. Company, Fla., USA, 1968).
	Kunz, K. S., R. J. Luebbers: Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1993.
	Langenberg, K. J.: Skript zur Vorlesung: Elektromagnetische Feldtheorie II & III. FG Theoretische Elektrotechnik, FB Elektrotechnik/Informatik, Universität Kassel, Kassel, 2002.
	Marklein, R.: Numerische Verfahren zur Modellierung von akustischen, elektromagnetischen, elastischen und piezoelektrischen Wellenausbreitungsproblemen im Zeitbereich basierend auf der Finiten Integrationstechnik. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 1997.
	Peterson, A. F., S. L. Ray, R. Mittra: Computational Methods for Electromagnetics. IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
	Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vettering, B. P. Flannery: Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, USA, 1994. [online version] [amazon.de] [amazon.com]
	Saad, Y.: Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems. PWS Publishing Company, Boston, USA, 1996.
	Smith, G. D.: Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Method. 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1985.
	Strikwerda, J. C.: Finite Difference Schemes and Partial Differential Equations. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, Mathematics Series, Pacific Grove, California, USA, 1989.
	Sullivan, D. M.: Electromagnetic Simulation Using the FDTD Method. IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, 2000.
	Taflove, A.: Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. 2nd Ed., Artech House, Norwood, Mass., USA, 2000.
	Volakis, J. L., A. Chatterjee, L. C. Kempel: Finite Element Method for Electromagnetic. IEEE Press, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA, 1998.

List of Numerical Methods

Finite Difference Method (FDM)

	Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method
	Finite Integration Technique (FIT)
	Finite Element Method (FEM)
	Finite Volume Method (FVM)
	Method of Moments (MoM)
	The Cell Method

Finite Difference Method (FDM)

Basics

Taylor Series Expansion

Approximation Error

	Solvers
	References

Basics

References

	Ames, W. F. [1977], Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 2nd ed., Academic Press, San Diego.
	Smith, G. D. [1985], Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Methods, Oxford University Press, New York. [amazon.de]
	Strikwerda, J. C. [1989], Finite Difference Schemes and Partial Differential Equations, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, Wadsworth, CA, USA. [amazon.de]

Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method

Basics

Yee's method, Yee's cell

Taylor Series Expansion, Approximation Error

	References
	Solvers
	Links

Basics

References

	Kunz, K. S., R. Luebbers [1993], The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. [amazon.de]
	Taflove, A. [1995], Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Artech House, Boston, MA, USA. [amazon.de]
	Taflove, A., S. Hagness [2000], Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 2nd ed., Artech House, Boston, MA, USA. [amazon.de]
	Taflove, A. (ed.) [1998], Advances in Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Artech House, Boston, MA, USA. [amazon.de]
	Sullivan, D. [2000], Electromagnetic Simulation Using the FDTD Method, IEEE Press, New York, USA. [amazon.de]

Links

	fdtd.org
	Hagness, Prof. Susan C., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
	Taflove, Prof. Allen, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

Finite Integration Technique (FIT)

Basics

Dual Cell Complex, and

Midpoint Rule, Approximation Error

	Solvers
	References

Basics

References

	Marklein, R. [1997], Numerical Methods for the Modeling of Acoustic, Electromagnetic, Elastic and Piezoelectric Wave Propagation Problems in the Time Domain Based on the Finite Integration Technique. Shaker Verlag, Aachen, Germany. (in German) (Amazon (Germany) , Shaker Verlag, Aachen (Germany) )
	van Rienen, U. [2001], Numerical Methods in Computational Electrodynamics, Springer Verlag, Berlin [amazon.de]

Finite Element Method (FEM)

Basics

	Solvers
	References

Basics

References

	Jin, Jianming [1993], The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York. [amazon.de]
	Kost, Arnulf [1994], Numerische Methoden in der Berechnung elektromagnetischer Felder, Springer, Berlin. [amazon.de]
	Pelosi, G., R. Coccioli, S. Selleri [1998], Quick Finite Elements for Electromagnetic Waves [homepage][amazon.de]
	Peterson, A. F., S. L. Ray, R. Mittra [1997], Computational Methods for Electromagnetics, IEEE, Piscataway. [amazon.de]
	Reece, A. B., T. W. Preston [2000], Finite Element Methods in Electrical Power Engineering, Oxford University Press, Oxford. [amazon.de]

Finite Volume Method (FVM)

Basics

	Solvers
	References

Basics

References

Yee, K. S. [1997], The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and the Finite-Volume Time-Domain (FVTD) Methods in Solving Maxwell's Equations, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 45, No. 3, March.

Software

ANSYS/Emag (ANSYS)

ANSYS/Multiphysics (ANSYS)

CST Microwave Studio (FI Method, CST - Computer Simulation Technology)

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO™ is a specialist tool for the fast and accurate simulation of high frequency problems.
Applications include the expanding areas of: Mobile Communication, Wireless Design (bluetooth), Signal Integrity, and EMC.
Exceptionally user friendly, CST MWS quickly gives you an insight into the EM behavior of your high frequency designs.
CST MWS offers three solvers: The Time Domain Solver, the Eigenmode Solver and a Frequency Domain solver, as well as
options for the import of specific CAD files and the extraction of SPICE parameters.

CST Design Studio (FI Method, CST - Computer Simulation Technology)

FIDELITY (FDTD, Zeland Software)

FIDELITY is a FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) based Full-3D EM Simulator for modeling microwave circuits,
components, and antenna, wireless/RF antennas, EMC and EMI structures, and other high-speed and high-frequency circuitry.

Ensemble (Method of Moments, ANSOFT)

Ensemble is a planar method-of-moments (MoM) electromagnetic simulation software package that computes S-parameters
and full-wave fields for microstrip and planar microwave structures including filters, power dividers, and antennas

HFSS (FE Method, ANSOFT)

3D finite element analysis electromagnetic simulation software for RF, Wireless, Packaging, and Optoelectronic design

IE3D (Method of Moments, Zeland Software)

Planar and 3D Electromagnetic Simulation and Optimization Package

MAFIA 4 (FI Method, CST - Computer Simulation Technology)

SuperNEC (Method of Moments, Unified Theory of Diffraction, Poynting)

XFDTD (FDTD Method, REMCOM Inc)

Programming Languages and Tools

C Programming Environment under Win32

Cygwin

FORTRAN

MPI and PVM

MATLAB

Gnuplot

XEmacs

Netlib Netlib is a collection of mathematical software, papers, and databases

Programming in C

References

Kernighan, B. W., D. M. Ritchie [1988], The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall. (amazon.com) (amazon.de)

Lecture Notes

If you download the following PowerPoint files (*.ppt) you have to install additional MathType fonts. The MathType fonts can be downloaded from the homepage of Design Science (→ English / → German).

List of Lecture Notes

	Lecture 1.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 23.11.2005)
	Lecture 2.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 23.11.2005)
	Lecture 3.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 23.11.2005)
	Lecture 4.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 10.01.2006)
	Lecture 5.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 10.01.2006)
	Lecture 6.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 17.01.2006)
	Lecture 7.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 24.01.2006)
	Lecture 8.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 02.02.2006)
	Lecture 9.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 03.02.2006)
	Lecture10.ppt, 1 Page A4.pdf, 2 Pages A4.pdf (last update 09.02.2006) (new)
	...

Top

Exercises and Solutions

List of Exercises and Solutions

Exercise 1 (last update 08.11.2005)

	Exercise1.pdf
	Solution1.pdf

Exercise 2 (last update 23.11.2005)

	Exercise2.pdf
	Solution2.pdf

Exercise 3 (last update 23.11.2005)

Exercise3.pdf

Top

Programs

List of Programs

1D FD Vacuum (MATLAB source code fd1dvac_rcn_poyn.m )

Input parameter for the first run: Nz = 200, Nt = 500, Nz_Source = 100.

2D FD TM Vacuum (MATLAB source code fd2dtmvac_rcn_poyn.m )

Input parameter for the first run: Nz = 200, Nt = 500, Nz_Source = 100.

1D FDTD Vacuum (C source code fdtd1dvac.c, MATLAB source code fdtd1dvac.m )

	MATLAB source code to visualize the output files of the C program (fig_1.m, fig_2.m, fig_3.m)
	Gnuplot input files to visualize the output files of the C program
	Input parameter for the first run: Nz = 200, Nt = 500, Nz_Source = 100.
	Instructions: The C program fdtd1dvac.c runs the FDTD simulation and generates output files in binary and ascii format of the Ex and Hy field component and the time history of the excitation pulse. These files can be visualize with the provided MATLAB files fig_1.m, fig_2.m, and fig_3.m. The MATLAB program runs the FDTD simulation and visualizes the Ex and Hy field interactively. If you don't have MATLAB, you can use e.g. gnuplot to plot Ex, Hy, and the pulse contained in the ascii output files of the C program.
	Figure 1, generated with MATLAB program fig_1.m
	Figure 2, generated with MATLAB program fig_2.m
	Figure 3, generated with MATLAB program fig_3.m

1D FDTD Vacuum with Absorbing Boundaries (C source code fdtd1dvacab.c, MATLAB source code fdtd1dvacab.m )

	MATLAB source code to visualize the output files of the C program (fig_1.m, fig_2.m, fig_3.m)
	Gnuplot input files to visualize the output files of the C program
	Input parameter for the first run: Nz = 200, Nt = 500, Nz_Source = 100.
	Instructions: The C program fdtd1dvacab.c runs the FDTD simulation and generates output files in binary and ascii format of the Ex and Hy field component and the time history of the excitation pulse. These files can be visualize with the provided MATLAB files fig_1.m, fig_2.m, and fig_3.m. The MATLAB program runs the FDTD simulation and visualizes the Ex and Hy field interactively. If you don't have MATLAB, you can use e.g. gnuplot to plot Ex, Hy, and the pulse contained in the ascii output files of the C program.
	Figure 1, generated with MATLAB program fig_1.m
	Figure 2, generated with MATLAB program fig_2.m
	Figure 3, generated with MATLAB program fig_3.m

1D FDTD Dielectric with Absorbing Boundaries (C source code fdtd1ddieab.c, MATLAB source code fdtd1ddieab.m )

	MATLAB source code to visualize the output files of the C program (fig_1.m, fig_2.m, fig_3.m)
	Gnuplot input files to visualize the output files of the C program
	Input parameter for the first run: Nz = 200, Nt = 500, Nz_Source = 50.
	Instructions: The C program fdtd1ddieab.c runs the FDTD simulation and generates output files in binary and ascii format of the Ex and Hy field component and the time history of the excitation pulse. These files can be visualize with the provided MATLAB files fig_1.m, fig_2.m, and fig_3.m. The MATLAB program runs the FDTD simulation and visualizes the Ex and Hy field interactively. If you don't have MATLAB, you can use e.g. gnuplot to plot Ex, Hy, and the pulse contained in the ascii output files of the C program.
	Figure 1, generated with MATLAB program fig_1.m
	Figure 2, generated with MATLAB program fig_2.m
	Figure 3, generated with MATLAB program fig_3.m

Top