Macroscopic QED
The quantum vacuum is a region of space from which electromagnetic fields have been removed as completely as possible. However, quantum electrodynamics predicts unavoidable field fluctuations -- virtual photons, which are spontaneously created and annihilated.
Our group investigates the consequences of this intriguing concept on the basis of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (QED).
Constitutive relations: magneto-electric media
Quantised electric field:
Green's tensor:
Polariton operators:
Hamiltonian:
Field Hamiltonian:
Atomic Hamiltonian:
Atom-field coupling: