FAQ
The content on this page was translated automatically.
Advice for existing students on voluntary change to the new module examination regulations
Please contact the Teacher Education Student Advisory Service at the Center for Teacher Education.
You can find the contact details here.
Core Study Information
As the common core of the degree program for all future teachers , this compulsory partial degree program is a place forexchange across school levels, school types and subjects.
The main aim of the core study program is to develop the ability to reflect and act in the practical pedagogical field of school and teaching. At the same time, the core course addresses the social framework conditions relevant to education, school and teaching. The core study program is structured in interdisciplinary modules that are geared towards the professional field of teachers based on content areas and fields of activity. Various academic disciplines contribute their perspectives to these modules. Designing the core curriculum:
Faculty 01 Human Sciences
- Institutes of Education, Psychology, Music and Social Sciences
Department 05 Social Sciences
- History, Politics and Sociology departments
Department 07 Economic Sciences
- Institute for Vocational Education.
The core study program is located in Faculty 01 Human Sciences in the Institute of Educational Science.
There are four central subject areas that determine the core study program:
- Teaching, learning, instruction
- Observing, advising, supporting in the educational field
- Developing and shaping schools and educational institutions
- Education and upbringing in a social context.
These subject areas are based on the four standards of the Conference of Education Ministers for educational sciences (teaching, assessment, innovation and education).
The exact learning objectives and content descriptions of all modules are set out in the module examination regulations applicable to you (as well as any amendment regulations).
We offer consultation hours in various formats as well as advice by e-mail. You can find our contact details under
Contact persons and advice on core studies.
The Institute for Vocational Education advises on the BA/MA Vocational Education (L4) and BA/MA Business Education (L4) degree programs. The Teacher Education Student Advisory Service of the Center for Teacher Education advises on questions regarding all partial degree programs in all teacher education degree programs.
The project "Studying to become a teacher, reflecting on success"(LASER) offers support in case of doubt as to whether the choice of degree program was the right one.
Orders and modules
- L1, L2, L3, L5
The General Provisions (abbreviated AB Lehramt) and the amendment regulations of 2023 apply in addition to the respective module examination regulations for core studies of 2023 (L1, L2, L3, L5). They do not apply to older regulations.
- L4
The General Provisions for BA / MA (abbreviated AB BA/MA) valid for L4 apply in addition to the subject examination regulations for the BA Vocational Education / Business Education (L4) and MA Vocational Education / Business Education (L4) degree programs. Please also note the associated amendment regulations for the Bachelor's and Master's degree programs.
Module examination regulations (MPO) for L1, L2, L3 and L5 or subject examination regulations for L4 and any associated amendment regulations set out the binding regulations for a (partial) degree program. Please read the regulations that apply to you carefully at the beginning of your studies.
The regulations that apply to you are usually determined by the time you start your studies. If you would like to know which regulations apply to you, please contact your examination office.
You can find the regulations here.
You can also view the MPOs in eCampus (My studies > Student services).
In the L1 core study according to examination regulations 2014 and amendment regulations, the following modules must be completed:
- the school level-specific introductory module 1A, it is only offered in the winter semester and should be taken in the first winter semester
- the basic modules 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Module 2 is school level specific.
Module 2 and Module 3 should be taken in the first year of study. - The internship semester as a school-based practical study component. The practical semester is taken in the 3rd or 4th semester.
- Module 11 "Aesthetic education and movement education".
- One of the focus modules (elective modules) 6, 7, 8, 9 or module F.
For more information on the internship semester (according to 2014 examination regulations and amendment regulations), click here.
Here you can find sample study plans for core study L1 according to examination regulations 2014 and amendment regulations.
You can take a look at the Module Examination Regulations for the L1 Core Studies of 2023 here. In § 3, the modules are listed which must be completed by the time you register for the First State Examination. In Annex 1: "Study and Examination Plan for Teacher Training", a description is given for each module.
In the core studies for students of the teaching profession at Haupt- and Realschulen (L2) according to the examination regulations 2014 and amendment regulations, the following modules have to be completed:
- the school level-specific introductory module 1B, it is only offered in the winter semester and should be taken in the first winter semester
- the basic modules 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Module 2, this is school level specific, as well as module 3 should be taken in the first year of study. - the practical semester (according to examination regulations 2014) as a practical school study component. The practical semester is completed in the 3rd or 4th semester.
- Two of the focus modules (elective modules) 6, 7, 8, 9 or module F.
For more information on the internship semester (according to the 2014 examination regulations), click here.
Here you can find sample study plans for core study L2 according to examination regulations 2014 and amendment regulations.
You can take a look at the Module Examination Regulations for the L2 Core Studies of 2023 here. In § 3, the modules are listed which must be completed by the time you register for the First State Examination. In Annex 1: "Study and Examination Plan for Teacher Training", a description is given for each module.
In the core studies for students of the teaching profession at grammar schools, the following modules must be completed according to the examination regulations 2013 and amendment regulations:
- the school level-specific introductory module 1B is only offered in the winter semester and should be taken in the first winter semester
- the basic modules 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Module 2 is school level-specific. The order in which the base modules are taken can be individualized. One of the basic modules should be taken in the first year of study. - The practical module 10 "School practical studies / 1st practical section", it is also called SPS 1 or block practical. It is recommended to be taken in the 3rd or 4th semester.
- Two of the focus modules (elective modules) 6, 7 , 8, 9 or module F.
Further information on the practical module 10 "School Practical Studies / 1st Practical Section" (SPS 1) according to the examination regulations 2013 and amendment regulations can be found at.
Here you can find sample study plans for core study L3 according to examination regulations 2013 and amendment regulations.
You can take a look at the module examination regulations for the L3 core studies of 2023here https://www.uni-kassel.de/uni/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=20492&token=25f74acc5436dfd14b13f461bb54df0829c6c59d . In § 3, the modules are listed which must be completed by the time you register for the First State Examination. In Annex 1: "Studien- und Prüfungsplan Lehramt" a description is given for each module.
In the courses BA Vocational Education / Business Education the following modules have to be taken in the core studies:
- the school level-specific introductory module 1C is only offered in the winter semester and should be taken in the first winter semester
- the basic modules 2, 3, 4 and 5 .
The order of taking the basic modules can be arranged individually.
The school level-specific module 2 is recommended to be taken in the first year of study, since its completion is a prerequisite for participation in Didactics of Technology I and Didactics of Economics I. - The practical module 10 "School Practical Studies 1" is also called SPS I or Block Practical Studies.
In the study programs MA Vocational Education and Business Education, the following in-depth modules must be completed in the core study program:
- Two of the focus modules (elective modules). The focus modules are modules 6, 7, 8, 9 and module F.
Further information on the practical module 10 "School Practical Studies / 1st Practical Section" (SPS 1) is deposited here under here.
Here you can find sample study plans for core studies L4
You can take a look at the module examination regulations for the L5 core study program from 2023 here. Section 3 lists the modules that must be completed before registering for the first state examination. Appendix 1: "Study and examination plan for the teaching profession" contains a description of each module.
The introductory module is specific to the school level:
- Module 1A: Introduction to primary school pedagogy (for L1)
- Module 1B: Introduction to secondary school pedagogy (for L2 and L3)
- Module 1C: Introduction to vocational and business education for (BA L4)
- Module 1D: Introduction to Inclusive Education.
These introductory modules are only offered in the winter semester and each consist of a lecture and an accompanying tutorial.
In the basic foundation modules, you take two courses per module, each comprising 2 semester hours per week (SWS). Each module comprises a total of 6 credit points (= approx. 180 hours of student workload).
In modules 2, 3 and 4 there are combined courses. Here, two courses are linked (in terms of content, organization and time). In module 4 and there is also the option of combining two courses of your choice (modular system). Module 5 does not offer any combined courses. Here, two courses are freely combined (modular form).
Two courses within a module are linked in terms of content, time and organization.
A combined course in the basic modules usually consists of a lecture and a seminar. The online course catalog indicates which courses in a module are linked. The combined courses can be organized as follows
- one-semester
The linked courses are taken in one semester. - two semesters
The linked courses are taken in two semesters. - one or two semesters
The linked courses are taken in either one or two semesters.
You can freely combine the courses of the module of 2 SWS eachfrom the offer (also across semesters).
According to regulations prior to 2023, there are specialization modules 6 to 9 and F for L1, L2 and L3.
The specialization modules are located in the Master's degree program for L4 students.
In specialization modules, which are compulsory elective modules, an exemplary specialization takes place.
The specialization modules each comprise 8 credit points (= approx. 240 hours of student workload) and 4 SWS.
In the research module (Module F), students deal with in-depth questions in an exemplary manner in the mode of research-based action. Module F is a compulsory module for L2 and L3 worth 8 credits (= approx. 240 hours of student workload). It comprises 4 SWS. For L1, module F is a compulsory elective module with 8 credits and 4 SWS.
There are two types of course in Module F:
- Teaching research project and
- research seminar.
Teaching research projects are only offered in a combined form (one or two semesters of 4 SWS).
You can take research seminars at
- in a combined form (one or two semesters of 4 SWS) or
- with two freely chosen courses of 2 SWS each (modular form).
Students according to the examination regulations of 2023 take one examination and two course assessments in this module.
In-depth learning content includes
- learning and interaction, teaching and school
and / or
- social conditions of education, school and the teaching profession.
The specialization module is for
- L1
a compulsory elective module worth 8 credits (= approx. 240 hours of student workload) with 4 SWS with one examination and two course achievements
- L2
is a compulsory module worth 12 credits (= approx. 360 hours of student workload) with 6 SWS with one examination and three course achievements
- L3 and L5
a compulsory module worth 8 credits (= approx. 240 hours of student workload) with 4 SWS with one examination and two course achievements.
L1 and L2 students according to the 2014 examination regulations and amendment regulations complete the practical semester in the 3rd or 4th semester. The prerequisite for participation is the successful completion of Module 1. Information on registration and organization of the practical semester can be found on the website of the Department for Practical School Studies. During the practical semester, you will attend an accompanying course and an accompanying teaching research project as part of your core studies.
L3 students complete the practical module 10 "Practical school studies / 1st training period" (also known as SPS 1 or block internship) as part of their core studies. They complete the five-week block placement as part of their core studies, which is accompanied by a preparatory and a follow-up course. The prerequisite for participation in the module is the successful completion of Module 1B. Proof of completion of the orientation internship must be provided before registering for practical module 10. Information on registering for and organizing the SPS 1 can be found on the website of the Department of Practical School Studies.
BA L4 students take the practical module 10 "Practical School Studies 1" as part of their core studies. It comprises a five-week block placement, which is accompanied by a preparatory and a follow-up course. Information on registration and organization of the SPS 1 can be found on the website of the Institute for Vocational Education and Training or for BA L4 Vocational Education Health on the website of Fulda University of Applied Sciences.
The basic internship is a compulsory module worth 10 credits (= approx. 300 hours of student workload). The basic internship includes 60 hours of attendance in the project seminar and 100 hours in the school. The self-study comprises 140 hours. The basic internship is organized by the Department of Practical School Studies. Further information can be found here.
Further information on the registration procedure and times of the basic internship can be found at
Website of the Department for Practical School Studies.
This is a compulsory module for L1 according to the 2023 regulations. The module
"Practical semester in elementary school didactics: case-based and research-based approaches in the practical semester at elementary school"
comprises a lecture (1 SWS) and a seminar (2 SWS) as accompanying events in the practical semester.
The practical semester module is organized by the Department of Practical School Studies. Further information can be found here.
Selection and booking of events
You can find the course announcements for each semester in the online course directory in eCampus under the tab "Educational and social science core studies". There you can select the desired semester and module and then receive an overview of the courses on offer. You can obtain detailed information by viewing the individual announcements.
For the winter semester 2024/25, there is an annotated course catalog for each of the following
- the specialization modules 6 to 9 and F according to regulations before 2023 and
- the research module and the specialization module according to regulations from 2023.
Here you can access the PDF that relates to your examination regulations. Please note that there have been changes since the editorial deadline (end of August). The current status of the announcements can be found in eCampus in the online course directory.
If you have any questions, our team of student advisors will support you .
You can find the respective registration procedure for a course in its detailed view in the course directory. As a rule, enrolment takes place after you have logged in to eCampus:
- Prios procedure
Places are allocated by the IT Service Center. If you have any difficulties, please check whether the role "Partial study program core studies" (for L1, L2, L3, L5) is activated after your student login or whether the role "Vocational education" or "Business education" is activated for L4. This role must be set so that you can make Prios assignments for the core study program. - For students who wish to release an allocated place after completing the Prios procedure or who still need a place, there is the subsequent procedure
"Deregister + re-register + move up". Places you have returned will be made available to your fellow students. - With the so-called simple registration procedure in eCampus, registration / deregistration takes place via the register / deregister functions . There are no uniform deadlines for this.
Admissions / rejections are decentralized, e.g. by departments. - Registration is rarely done by email.
- You can deregister from courses after the online registration procedure has expired in eCampus via the tab My functions → My courses. You can find more detailed instructions here.
Please refrain from sending inquiries to lecturers and administrative staff regarding the allocation of places before all registration procedures for a course have been completed. If you would still like a place after completing all course-related registration procedures , please contact the respective lecturer. If your request has not been resolved, please contact Ms. Nickel and Ms. Reef(Kommission.Kernstudium[at]uni-kassel[dot]de).
In the Prios procedure, you can select several courses with different priorities (high, medium, low) within a module. You must first log in to eCampus with your login in order to register. Then check whether the role "Partial study program core studies" (for the study programs L1, L2, L3, L5) or for L4 "Vocational education" or "Business education" is activated. You can only take part in the Prios procedure in core studies if this role is set correctly.
The deadlines for the various enrolment procedures can be found in the individual view of the course offerings in the course directory. The technical procedure is explained in the ITS handbook.
Please note the stated deadline within which your priorities can be assigned. It is not relevant for admission when you enrol within this period. At the end of this period, places will be allocated in a central lottery procedure, if possible according to the highest priority given. After the allocation has been completed, you will receive an e-mail from ITS to your university account informing you of your (non-)admission to the course you have booked.
Please do not contact lecturers or administrative staff regarding the allocation of places before all the registration procedures listed for a course have been completed. If you would still like a place in the core study program after completing all course-related registration procedures, please contact the respective lecturer. If your request has not been resolved, please contact Ms. Nickel and Ms. Reef(Kommission.Kernstudium[at]uni-kassel[dot]de).
As a rule, there is a "deregistration + re-registration + moving up" procedure for
- deregistration from allocated but not required places
- moving up to free places
- applying for a place on the waiting list for courses that are currently full.
When registering via the waiting list, please regularly check the current status of your registration in your semester plan in eCampus - after your student login - as you will not receive an email from the IT Service Center to your university account regarding (non-)admission via the waiting list. If a "WL" is listed in your semester plan for the course in your overview, you have a place on the waiting list. If a "ZU" is noted for the course, you are admitted. Information on the waiting list can be found here.
Please do not contact lecturers or administrative staff regarding the allocation of places before all registration procedures listed for an event have been completed. If you would still like a place in the core study program after completing all event-related registration procedures, please contact the respective lecturer. If your request has not been resolved, please contact Ms. Nickel and Ms. Reef(Kommission.Kernstudium[at]uni-kassel[dot]de).
If the "unsubscribe + re-register + move up" procedure is used for a course in the core study program and there are currently no places available for the course, you can apply for a place on the waiting list.
Waiting list places applied for will be allocated in the order in which they were applied for when places become available on the course.
Please check the current status of your enrolment in your semester plan regularly in eCampus after your student login, as you will not receive an email from the IT Service Center regarding (non-)admission via the waiting list. In your semester plan, a place on the waiting list is marked with "WL" for the respective course. Admission is indicated with a "ZU".
You can find explanations of the waiting list here.
Please do not contact lecturers or administrative staff regarding the allocation of places before all the registration procedures listed for a course have been completed. If you would still like a place in the core study program after completing all event-related registration procedures, please contact the respective lecturer. If you do not receive the required place after your request, please contact Ms. Nickel and Ms. Reef(Kommission.Kernstudium[at]uni-kassel[dot]de) to clarify your request.
You can find detailed information on the preferential admission procedure for teacher training students here.
Check the following points if you encounter difficulties:
- Prios:
Is the role "Core study program" activated after the student login
- for L1, L2, L3, L5 students the role "Vocational education" or "Business education"?
- for L4 students the role "Vocational education" or "Business education"?
Information on the role can be found here.
The correct setting of this role is a prerequisite for successful enrolment. If this role is not activated, change the role accordingly.
If it is not possible to log in or change the role, try the following: Delete the cookies from your internet browser and try again. - Is the booking possible at this time? Check the event-related information on registration deadlines in the online course catalog.
- Is a registration procedure via the online course catalog planned for the course? Or does the teacher wish to register by email, for example?
If you have any questions about registration, please contact our team of student advisors.
If, in rare cases, no clarification is possible, students can contact the IT Service Center support team by email at ttslsf[at]hrz.uni-kassel[dot]de. Please note the following information:
Use your university account when emailing ITS,
list the course number(s) relating to your request and
attach a screenshot to your email if an error message is displayed.
Information on this and other rights and obligations can be found here.
Study and examination achievements as well as scientific work in the core study program
Module-related regulations can be found in your module examination regulations or subject examination regulations and any amendment regulations.
Each basic module (modules 2 to 5) comprises a total of 4 SWS and 6 credits. In each basic module, one course achievement and one examination achievement must be completed.
In the case of combined courses (two courses linked in terms of content, organization and time, each comprising 2 SWS), the lecturer determines in which course the coursework (graded as passed or failed) and in which course the graded examination will take place.
If a module is taken with freely combinable courses of 2 SWS each (modular form), the students determine in which course the coursework or examination is taken by registering online in the examination administration system HIS-POS.
Module-related regulations on coursework and examinations can be found in your module examination regulations or subject examination regulations and any amendment regulations. A specialization module comprises a total of 4 SWS and 8 credits.
- Specialization modules 6 to 9 according to regulations prior to 2023
- coursework and
- module examination with integrated coursework must be completed for each specialization module.
In the case of joint courses, the teacher determines the distribution of the coursework over the 4 SWS.
When taking a module with freely combinable courses (modular form), students determine the respective assessment by registering online in the examination administration system HIS-POS.
- Specialization module Module F (research module) according to regulations before 2023
In Module F, students must take
- coursework and
- module examination.
In the case of joint courses, the lecturer defines the distribution of the coursework over the 4 SWS.
When taking a module with freely combinable courses (modular form), students determine the respective assessment by registering online in the examination administration system HIS-POS.
Students according to the 2023 regulations take one examination and two course assessments in module F.
In the case of combined courses, the teacher defines the distribution of the coursework over the 4 SWS.
When taking a module with freely combinable courses (modular form), students determine the respective assessment by registering online in the examination administration system HIS-POS.
Yes.
Module V is for
- L1
an elective module worth 8 credits (= approx. 240 hours of student workload) with a scope of 4 SWS.
One examination and two course assessments must be completed .
- L2
is a compulsory module worth 12 credits (= approx. 360 hours of student workload) comprising 6 SWS.
One examination and three course achievements must be completed .
- L3 and L5
a compulsory module worth 8 credits (= approx. 240 hours of student workload) with a scope of 4 SWS.
There is one examination and two course achievements.
Registering for a course (e.g. in the Prios procedure) does not yet include registering for the examination(s) to be taken there. If you would like to take an assessment in a course, you must register for this assessment in the online examination administration in E-Campus.
Attention:
The last standard deadline for online registration of coursework in the core study program is
- 30.06. of the year in the summer semester.
- in the winter semester: 25.01. of the year.
Information on registering for coursework and examinations can be found here.
Please note the information (rights and obligations) regarding examinations.
1) Technical problems with the course registration
If you have technical problems, please contact our team of student assistants for advice.
If, in rare cases, no solution can be found here, please contact the IT Service Center by e-mail at:
ttslsf[at]hrz.uni-kassel[dot]de.
Please note the following:
Use your university account in your email,
list the course number(s) relating to your request and
attach a screenshot to your email if an error message is displayed.
2) Clarification of individual concerns
To clarify individual cases concerning student performance, use the student application to the Module Examination Board, which must be completed and sent to your Examination Office for Core Studies.
The form relates to the following concerns
- failure to register on time
- Withdrawal from a registered course
- Registration for additional coursework
- Participation in an in-depth module without fulfilling the formal requirements.
If you are ill on the examination date, obtain a doctor's certificate. Please send this to the examination office, digitally by e-mail, scanned in PDF format (no photos).
Further necessary information for the examination office are
- first and name
- matriculation number
- module in the subprogram core studies
- lecturer
- event number and title of the course.
The examination office will then enter a withdrawal with a certificate from the exam in question in the electronic exam administration.
Please note that teachers cannot enter withdrawals with a certificate there.
However, please also inform the teacher or his/her secretary about your illness.
Registrations for second examination dates or repeat dates are also made via the e-campus.
The respective registration deadlines for second examination dates or repeat dates can be found in the details of the course announcement in the online course directory. If you miss this deadline, subsequent registration is only possible (by application) via the Examinations Office.
The notification of failure of a module examination that can still be repeated is made by announcing the examination result in the electronic examination administration system HIS-POS.
If you fail a module examination or coursework in the core study program, the lecturer or their office will enter a fail (NB) for this attempt.
If you fail an examination in the core study program, you have a total of two retakes in each module to pass this examination. If a module examination is definitivelyfailed(i.e. after 3 attempts), please contact your examinations office immediately for advice on your study options.
You can repeat failed coursework in the core study program indefinitely.
Within the online registration period (standard deadline 25.01. of a year for the winter semester or 30.06. of a year for the summer semester), you can deregister from a registered course or module examination yourself online in eCampus. If you do not take an examination registered via eCampus, this will be recorded as a failed attempt due to non-attendance (NE) in the electronic examination administration. If this is an examination, it will count towards the maximum number of possible attempts (3 in total per module). You have the option of applying to the teacher to withdraw from the registered course at a later date (see also question 38).
Students on the L1, L2, L3 and L5 degree programs should contact the Core Studies Examination Office (Department 01) regarding the core studies.
For L4 students, the Examination Office for Vocational and Business Education (Faculty 07) is responsible.
The guidelines for academic work in core studies are recommended by all subject groups and institutes involved in core studies. It is intended to give students confidence when writing academic papers - regardless of the subject area in which they are written. You can download the guidelines in the corresponding Moodle course:
The guidelines for academic work in core studies are recommended by all subject groups and institutes involved in core studies. It is intended to give students confidence when writing academic papers - regardless of the subject area in which they are written. You can download the guidelines in the corresponding Moodle course:
https://moodle.uni-kassel.de/course/view.php?id=4277
This course is designed to give you an introduction to academic writing. Academic writing is a core element of your studies and is required of you both in courses and in examinations.
First state examination (L1, L2, L3) - information on L5 will be published / Bachelor's thesis and Master's thesis (L4)
Information from the Center for Teacher Education can be found here.
The Teacher Training Student Advisory Service offers an information event (separately for L1 and L2/L3) on the First State Examination approximately every 6 months. It is recommended that you attend the relevant event approximately one year before you plan to take the First State Examination.
Information from the Hessian Teachers' Academy can be found here.
An overview of the examiners for the first state examination in the area of
- Didactics of Elementary School and
- Basic Sciences (= core studies)
can be found on our homepage at this link.
If you need assistance in finding state examiners in the area of didactics of elementary school and basic sciences, please send an e-mail to muendliche.kernstudium[at]uni-kassel[dot]de.
To register for the assignment of a second oral examiner, there are three different forms in the core curriculum for these different exam(s) :
- L1,
oral examination in basic sciences. - L1,
oral combination examination in basic sciences and didactics of elementary education - L2 and L3,
oral examination in basic sciences.
These forms can be found under the menu item 1. Staatspruefung Kernstudium u. DDG. There you must first log in with your university account at the bottom of the page and then select and complete the appropriate form. After submitting, you will receive a confirmation email about the receipt of your data. It may take some time until the assignment, because first all registrations are collected, before the assignment of the second examiners takes place.
You can find extensive information on Bachelor's and Master's theses at
Further
Each matriculation number at the University of Kassel is assigned only once and is therefore unique.
If you submit only your first name and last name for inquiries, it could be that there are several enrollees to whom this information also applies. The resulting necessary queries will lead to a delay in the clarification of your request.
Please use the university e-mail address (ukxxxxxx@student.uni-kassel.de) for your inquiries.
Study profiles in teacher training courses offer students the opportunity to set a focus within the standard course of study on a voluntary and independent basis. Information on these study profiles can be found here.
Study workshops and teaching-learning labs offer students (and, depending on their orientation, also students, teachers in the preparatory service and teachers) materials and teaching-learning environments with which self-regulated and research-based learning can be tested.
Information on the individual study workshops / teaching-learning labs can be found here.